Vymenujte typické, mimopažerákové a alarmujúce príznaky GERD.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
🫀 Interná medicína · 8
| gastroezofágová refluxová choroba | |
| pyróza | pyrosis |
| regurgitácia | regurgitatio |
| refluxná ezofagitída | oesophagitis refluxiva |
| Barrettov pažerák | |
| hiátová hernia | hernia hiatus oesophagei |
| inhibítory protónovej pumpy |
GERD is the condition in which the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus results in symptoms and/or complications.
Transient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter or a low resting lower esophageal sphincter pressure
A hiatal hernia disturbs the anatomical relationship between the crural diaphragm and the lower esophageal sphincter function.
The effect is enhanced in patients with increased intra-abdominal pressure, such as patients with ascites and pregnant women.
Heartburn is a burning sensation primarily felt behind the sternum within 60 minutes of eating, typically precipitated by exercising or lying in a recumbent position.
Sour or burning fluid in the throat or mouth typically characterizes acid regurgitation.
Atypical and extraesophageal symptoms and conditions such as chronic cough, dysphonia, asthma, sinusitis, laryngitis, and dental erosions have been associated with GERD.
Some patients with severe esophagitis or Barrett esophagus are asymptomatic.
We recommend endoscopy as the first test for evaluation of patients presenting with dysphagia or other alarm symptoms (weight loss, GI bleeding), and for patients with multiple risk factors for Barrett’s esophagus.
We recommend diagnostic endoscopy, ideally after PPIs are stopped for 2 to 4 weeks, in patients whose classic GERD symptoms do not respond adequately to an 8-week empiric trial of PPIs, or whose symptoms return when PPIs are discontinued.
In patients for whom the diagnosis of GERD is suspected but not clear, and endoscopy shows no objective evidence of GERD, we recommend reflux monitoring be performed off therapy to establish the diagnosis.
We do not recommend the use of a barium swallow solely as a diagnostic test for GERD.
For patients with classic GERD symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation who have no alarm symptoms, we recommend an 8-week trial of empiric proton pump inhibitor (PPI) once daily before a meal.
For GERD patients who do not have erosive esophagitis or Barrett’s esophagus, and whose symptoms have resolved with PPI therapy, an attempt should be made to discontinue PPIs or to switch to on-demand therapy
We recommend maintenance PPI therapy indefinitely or antireflux surgery for patients with Los Angeles grade C or D esophagitis.
We recommend weight loss in overweight and obese patients for improvement of GERD symptoms.
Esophageal reflux may result in complications, including esophagitis, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, anemia, esophageal stricturing, dysphagia, and Barrett esophagus.
Barrett's esophagus is well-known to increase the risk of distal esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Patients with severe reflux esophagitis are more likely to relapse after treatment and have a greater risk of developing Barrett esophagus.
Use of drugs that reduce the lower esophageal sphincter pressure, including nitrates, calcium channel blocker agents, anticholinergics
Vymenujte typické, mimopažerákové a alarmujúce príznaky GERD.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Vymenujte režimové opatrenia a možnosti liečby GERD.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Vymenujte komplikácie GERD.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.