Uveďte hlavné typy horúčky podľa priebehu teplotnej krivky a príklady ochorení.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
🫀 Interná medicína · 9
| horúčka | febris |
| subfebrilita | |
| hypotermia | hypothermia |
| hypertermia | hyperthermia |
| pyrogén | |
| remitentná horúčka | febris remittens |
| intermitentná horúčka | febris intermittens |
| kontinuálna horúčka | febris continua |
Fever, or pyrexia, is the elevation of an individual's core body temperature above a 'set-point' regulated by the body's thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus.
The normal temperature of the human body is approximately 37 degrees Celsius (C), or 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (F), and varies by about 0.5 C throughout the day.
Hypothermia is defined as a decrease in body temperature below 35 °C.
This increase in the body's 'set-point' temperature is often due to a physiological process brought about by infectious causes or non-infectious causes such as inflammation, malignancy, or autoimmune processes.
exogenous pyrogens (e.g., bacteria, viruses) stimulate endogenous pyrogens such as IL-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interferon (IFN) to alter the hypothalamic set point via the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) and raise the core body temperature.
Extremes of age, hypoglycemia, malnutrition, and various endocrine disorders are common reasons for inadequate heat production.
Relapsing indicates that bouts of fever are interspersed with afebrile periods of days to weeks.
While these numbers may vary slightly based on the source, below is a summary of how to categorize fever.
the site of measurement influences body temperature readings.
Measure core temperature using a thermometer capable of accurately measuring temperatures below 35°C, such as a low-reading esophageal, bladder, rectal, or epitympanic thermistor probe when available.
Patients with mild hypothermia have a core body temperature ranging from 32 to 35 °C (90 to 95 °F). For moderate hypothermia, the core temperature falls between 28 and 32 °C (82-90 °F). Severe or profound hypothermia is defined as a core body temperature below 28 °C (82 °F).
Fevers are typically managed with antipyretics, which work by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), thereby reducing the levels of PGE2 within the hypothalamus.
While one may feel inclined to give an antipyretic to all febrile patients, this is not recommended.
Passive external rewarming with removal of wet clothing, insulation, and a warm environment is appropriate for many patients with mild hypothermia who are alert, hemodynamically stable, and able to generate heat through shivering.
This stress may be detrimental to the elderly with cardiovascular disease, or to those with restrictive lung disease.
Prolonged fever for over a week is often accompanied by a negative nitrogen balance and dehydration.
Hypothermia may result in cardiorespiratory arrest.
Uveďte hlavné typy horúčky podľa priebehu teplotnej krivky a príklady ochorení.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Ako je definovaná horúčka neznámeho pôvodu (FUO) a aké sú jej podskupiny?
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.