Klasifikujte AV blokády podľa EKG nálezu.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
🫀 Interná medicína · 16
| fibrilácia predsiení | fibrillatio atriorum |
| supraventrikulárna tachykardia | tachycardia supraventricularis |
| komorová tachykardia | tachycardia ventricularis |
| fibrilácia komôr | fibrillatio ventriculorum |
| atrioventrikulárna blokáda | |
| elektrická kardioverzia | |
| kardiostimulácia | |
| náhla srdcová smrť |
Supraventricular tachycardia is a general term for dysrhythmias originating at or above the atrioventricular node, characterized by a narrow QRS complex (<120 ms) with a heart rate exceeding 100 bpm
Ventricular tachycardia is defined as a wide complex tachycardia (WCT) consisting of 3 or more consecutive beats at a rate exceeding 100 per minute.
An AV block represents a delay or disturbance in the transmission of an impulse from the atria to the ventricles.
its severity determines its classification into three types: first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree AV block.
The most common types of supraventricular tachycardia are atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia and atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia.
Hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, coronary artery disease, sleep-disordered breathing, alcohol consumption, and advancing age are among the important risk factors associated with its development and progression.
The majority of ventricular tachycardias occur in patients with structural heart diseases, typically due to myocardial scarring or fibrosis.
Myocardial ischemia/infarction, drugs, electrolyte abnormalities, endocrine disorders, and toxins cause acquired AV block. However, age-related degeneration of conduction system diseases is the most common cause of acquired AV block.
Patients may present with symptoms such as palpitations, chest discomfort, lightheadedness, syncope, dyspnea, or anxiety.
The onset of symptoms is typically sudden and can be triggered by stress, whether from physical activity or emotional strain. Termination of the episode typically occurs abruptly as well.
Physical examination may reveal an irregularly irregular pulse and tachycardia, although ventricular rate may be normal or slow.
Patients with first and Mobitz type I, second-degree AV blocks are usually asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally on examination or a 12-lead ECG. Patients with an AV block commonly present with symptoms such as dyspnea on exertion, easy fatigability, dizziness, and syncope.
Indicators such as respiratory distress, hypotension, altered mental status, or chest pain should be assessed. The diagnosis can be confirmed by obtaining an electrocardiogram (ECG) and identifying the rhythm.
A typical ECG demonstrates an irregularly irregular ventricular rhythm with absent discrete P waves and variable fibrillatory activity.
WCT represents ventricular tachycardia in approximately 80% of cases.
periodic single non-conducted P waves that arise at unpredictable intervals. These non-conducted P waves are typically observed alongside other P waves, both before and after the non-conducted P wave, and exhibit consistent PR intervals.
If vagal maneuvers are not effective, pharmacotherapy becomes necessary. The first-line medication for supraventricular tachycardia is adenosine
In the absence of cardiac arrest, hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia is managed with direct current cardioversion.
For patients without moderate to severe rheumatic mitral stenosis or a mechanical heart valve, direct oral anticoagulants are preferred over warfarin
Pacing is indicated in patients in SR with permanent or paroxysmal third- or second-degree type 2, infranodal 2:1, or high-degree AVB, irrespective of symptoms.
blood stasis, particularly in the left atrial appendage, promotes thrombus formation and increases the risk of systemic thromboembolism and ischemic stroke.
Frequent PSVTs, especially atrial tachycardia, can result in new-onset heart failure secondary to tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy.
Sustained reentrant ventricular tachycardia may degenerate into ventricular fibrillation, resulting in cardiac arrest or SCD in patients with structural heart disease.
The common complications of an AV block include syncope, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and cardiac arrest.
Pacing is not recommended in patients with AVB due to transient causes that can be corrected and prevented.
Klasifikujte AV blokády podľa EKG nálezu.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Opíšte postup liečby supraventrikulárnej tachykardie u stabilného a nestabilného pacienta.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Uveďte hlavné piliere liečby fibrilácie predsiení.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.