Porovnajte Crohnovu chorobu a ulceróznu kolitídu.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
🫀 Interná medicína · 19
| Crohnova choroba | morbus Crohn |
| ulcerózna kolitída | colitis ulcerosa |
| idiopatické črevné zápaly | |
| toxické megakolon | megacolon toxicum |
| fistula | fistula |
| striktúra | strictura |
| nekazeifikujúci granulóm | |
| pankolitída | pancolitis |
| fekálny kalprotektín | |
| erythema nodosum | erythema nodosum |
| pyoderma gangrenosum | pyoderma gangrenosum |
| primárna sklerotizujúca cholangitída | cholangitis sclerosans primaria |
Crohn disease is characterized by transmural inflammation that can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract, from the oral cavity to the perianal region. The terminal ileum and right colon are most commonly involved.
It characteristically involves inflammation restricted to the mucosa and submucosa of the colon. Typically, the disease starts in the rectum and extends proximally in a continuous manner.
The precise etiology of IBD is undefined. Evidence indicates that the condition arises from an inappropriate immune response to environmental antigens, including drugs, toxins, infections, and intestinal microbes, in genetically susceptible individuals.
the most important independent risk factor is a family history of the disease (8% to 14% of patients)
There is an increased prevalence of ulcerative colitis in nonsmokers or those who recently quit smoking.
The condition exhibits a bimodal age distribution, with peak onset between 15 and 30 years and 40 and 60 years.
Patients with ileocolitis commonly report recurrent RLQ pain and diarrhea. The pain is often colicky and may be relieved by defecation. Crohn disease can mimic acute appendicitis, which also presents with RLQ pain, fever, and diarrhea.
The main symptom of ulcerative colitis is bloody diarrhea, with or without mucus. Associated symptoms also include urgency or tenesmus, abdominal pain, malaise, weight loss, and fever, depending on the extent and severity of the disease.
Extraintestinal manifestations associated with disease activity include episcleritis, scleritis, uveitis, peripheral arthropathies, erythema nodosum, and pyoderma gangrenosum. Extraintestinal manifestations independent of colitis activity include axial arthropathies, sacroiliitis
A significant hepatic extraintestinal manifestation of ulcerative colitis includes primary sclerosing cholangitis and is associated with a greater risk of colorectal cancer.
Stool tests to exclude infections include culture and sensitivity, ova and parasites, and Clostridioides difficile toxins.
Fecal calprotectin correlates with increased neutrophils in the intestine and, therefore, can be helpful in ruling out inflammatory bowel disease. Studies show that less than 1% of patients with low fecal calprotectin are likely to suffer from inflammatory bowel disease.
Colonoscopy or proctosigmoidoscopy might reveal loss of typical vascular pattern, granularity, friability, and ulceration, which involve the distal rectum and proceed proximally in a symmetric, continuous, and circumferential pattern.
Persistent inflammation may lead to noncaseating granuloma formation, which occurs in up to 33% of patients. Absence of granulomas does not exclude the diagnosis.
We recommend an oral dose of ≥2 g/day of 5-aminosalicylates to induce clinical remission in patients with mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis.
We recommend intravenous corticosteroids as first-line therapy to induce clinical remission in hospitalized patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis.
We recommend against the use of 5-aminosalicylic acid for induction of remission of CD [strong recommendation, moderate-quality evidence]. [Consensus: 100%] Statement 1.2. We recommend against the use of oral 5-aminosalicylic acid as maintenance therapy in CD
Anti-TNF therapy is particularly effective in treating fistulizing disease and reducing the risk of postsurgical endoscopic recurrence.[36] Caution is warranted in patients with a history of demyelinating disease, congestive heart failure, or malignancies such as lymphoma.
Baseline tuberculosis screening is recommended, particularly for patients initiating anti-TNF biologics.
Recurrent cycles of inflammation and scarring may result in stricture formation and bowel obstruction. Extension of inflammation to adjacent organs can produce enterovesicular, enteroenteral, enterocutaneous, or enterovaginal fistulae.
Toxic megacolon represents a rare but potentially fatal complication of severe colonic inflammation characterized by nonobstructive dilation of the colon accompanied by systemic toxicity.
Two factors associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer are the duration and extent of the disease.
Crohn disease also promotes a hypercoagulable state, increasing the risk of thromboembolic events.
Porovnajte Crohnovu chorobu a ulceróznu kolitídu.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Vymenujte mimočrevné prejavy chronických zápalových chorôb čreva.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Vymenujte indikácie chirurgickej liečby ulceróznej kolitídy.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.