Charakterizujte typy bolesti brucha podľa mechanizmu vzniku.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
🫀 Interná medicína · 20
| bolesť brucha | dolor abdominalis |
| viscerálna bolesť | |
| somatická (parietálna) bolesť | |
| prenesená bolesť | |
| biliárna kolika | colica biliaris |
| renálna kolika | colica renalis |
| akútna cholecystitída | cholecystitis acuta |
| akútna pankreatitída | pancreatitis acuta |
| divertikulitída | diverticulitis |
| Murphyho príznak | |
| Rovsingov príznak | |
| McBurneyho bod |
Abdominal pain is common and often inconsequential. Acute and severe abdominal pain, however, is almost always a symptom of intra-abdominal disease. It may be the sole indicator of the need for surgery
Right upper quadrant pain: Biliary colic; Acute cholecystitis; Acute cholangitis; Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction; Acute hepatitis; Perihepatitis; Liver abscess; Budd-Chiari syndrome; and Portal vein thrombosis.
Epigastric pain Myocardial infarction Acute and chronic pancreatitis Peptic ulcer disease Gastroesophageal reflux disease Gastritis Gastroparesis
Left upper quadrant pain Splenomegaly Splenic infarct Splenic abscess Splenic rupture
Genitourinary Testicular torsion Infectious Herpes zoster Metabolic Alcoholic ketoacidosis Corticosteroid insufficiency Diabetic ketoacidosis Hypercalcemia Porphyria Sickle cell disease Thoracic Costochondritis Myocardial infarction Pneumonia Pulmonary embolism
Foregut structures (stomach, duodenum, liver, and pancreas) cause upper abdominal pain. Midgut structures (small bowel, proximal colon, and appendix) cause periumbilical pain. Hindgut structures (distal colon and genitourinary tract) cause lower abdominal pain.
Somatic pain comes from the parietal peritoneum, which is innervated by somatic nerves, which respond to irritation from infectious, chemical, or other inflammatory processes. Somatic pain is sharp and well localized.
Common examples of referred pain are scapular pain due to biliary colic, groin pain due to renal colic, and shoulder pain due to blood or infection irritating the diaphragm.
The pain of appendicitis typically begins in the periumbilical region and migrates to the right lower quadrant over McBurney's point. Associated symptoms are anorexia, nausea, low-grade fever, and vomiting.
Life-threatening causes should always be ruled out before focusing on less serious diagnoses.
Urine pregnancy test for all female patients of childbearing age
Ultrasound should be done for suspected biliary tract disease or ectopic pregnancy (transvaginal probe) and for suspected appendicitis in children.
If the suspected etiology is perforation of an abdominal organ or sepsis due to an abdominal origin, an upright portable chest radiograph is the initial imaging test of choice.
Management varies based on the underlying etiology, ranging from supportive care and antibiotics for infections to urgent surgical intervention for conditions such as perforation, ischemia, or obstruction.
In seriously ill patients with severe abdominal pain, the most important diagnostic measure may be expeditious surgical exploration. In mildly ill patients, watchful waiting and a diagnostic evaluation may be best.
Potential interventions include acetaminophen, parenteral ketorolac, and opioids. Clinicians must exercise caution with ketorolac, as it can exacerbate gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and acute kidney injury.
Barium causes severe peritonitis and should never be given to a patient with suspected gastrointestinal tract perforation. However, water-soluble contrast agents can be safely used.
Gangrene and perforation of the gut can occur < 6 hours from onset of symptoms in certain conditions (eg, interruption of the intestinal blood supply due to a strangulating obstruction or an arterial embolus).
Prednisone or immunosuppressants may inhibit the inflammatory response to perforation or peritonitis and result in less pain, tenderness, or leukocytosis than might otherwise be expected.
Approximately 80% of patients discharged with undifferentiated abdominal pain improve or become pain-free within 2 weeks of presentation.
Charakterizujte typy bolesti brucha podľa mechanizmu vzniku.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Uveďte diferenciálnu diagnostiku bolesti brucha podľa lokalizácie a základné vyšetrenia.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Opíšte typický obraz bolesti pri apendicitíde, cholecystitíde, pankreatitíde a mezenteriálnej ischémii.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.