Vymenujte varovné znaky (red flags) pri bolesti chrbta u dospelých a na čo upozorňujú.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
🫀 Interná medicína · 23
| bolesť dolnej časti chrbta | lumbago |
| ischias (ischiadická bolesť) | ischias |
| hernia medzistavcového disku | hernia disci intervertebralis |
| syndróm cauda equina | syndroma caudae equinae |
| ankylozujúca spondylitída (Bechterevova choroba) | spondylitis ankylosans |
| spinálna stenóza | stenosis canalis spinalis |
| kompresívna zlomenina stavca | |
| spondylolistéza | spondylolisthesis |
| sedlová anestézia | |
| sakroiliitída | sacroiliitis |
Mechanical back pain comprises 90% of cases, so health providers can easily miss rare causes while focusing on common etiologies.
Identifying red flags and determining the appropriate treatment are the most important aspects of back pain management.
Younger individuals more frequently exhibit acute muscular strain, ligamentous injury, or intervertebral disc herniation, while older adults demonstrate a higher prevalence of degenerative disc disease, facet arthropathy, osteoporotic compression fractures, and spinal stenosis.
Spinal tumors may present with unexplained weight loss, focal tenderness to palpation, or other risk factors for malignancy, with approximately 97% of spinal tumors being metastatic.
IBP is a hallmark symptom of spondyloarthritis, characterized by insidious onset, morning stiffness, and improvement with exercise but not rest.
Vascular: Acute or chronic aortic dissection can present as tearing back pain, usually with abrupt onset and associated cardiovascular risk factors (Source: Zakko and Reece, 2024). Referred pain: Visceral organ pathology may produce referred back pain. Examples include biliary colic, lung disease
For spinal malignancy, the most informative red flags included a prior history of cancer, unexplained weight loss, persistent pain without improvement, and concerning overall clinical judgment.
Features suggestive of spinal infection, including fever, recent spinal procedures, immunosuppression, intravenous drug use, or severe focal vertebral tenderness, require urgent assessment, as they may indicate osteomyelitis, epidural abscess, or septic discitis.
Cauda equina syndrome is the most critical indication and constitutes a surgical emergency, identified by new urinary retention or overflow incontinence, saddle anesthesia, bilateral sciatica, or bilateral lower-extremity weakness.
Fracture risk increases with significant trauma, prolonged corticosteroid use, osteoporosis, or age over 70
For adults, history and physical examination usually suffice to evaluate atraumatic, acute back pain in the absence of clinical red flags. Imaging tests should generally be deferred for 6 weeks to allow for symptom resolution.
Do not routinely offer imaging in a non-specialist setting for people with low back pain with or without sciatica.
fever, night pain, unexplained weight loss, persistent rest pain, or progressive neurologic deficit raise suspicion for infection, malignancy, or inflammatory spondyloarthropathy and justify erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein testing, complete blood count, and early MRI.
The gold standard method of evaluation for CMS/CES is obtaining urgent MRI imaging with sagittal and axial T1 and T2 sequences.
to help them self-manage their low back pain with or without sciatica, at all steps of the treatment pathway. Include: information on the nature of low back pain and sciatica encouragement to continue with normal activities.
Consider oral NSAIDs for managing low back pain, taking into account potential differences in gastrointestinal, liver and cardio-renal toxicity, and the person's risk factors, including age.
Prescribe oral NSAIDs for low back pain at the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible period of time.
Consider weak opioids (with or without paracetamol) for managing acute low back pain only if an NSAID is contraindicated, not tolerated or has been ineffective.
Findings from many studies show that decompression within 48 hours is best, although some studies recommend timing closer to under 24 hours.
A 2015 study reported that back pain accounted for 60.1 million years of disability worldwide, making it the leading cause of global disability.
Persistent symptoms increase the likelihood of chronic pain development and long-term disability.
The longer the compression continues, the worse the permanent structural and functional impairment, and the poorer the prognosis.
Vymenujte varovné znaky (red flags) pri bolesti chrbta u dospelých a na čo upozorňujú.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Aké sú príznaky syndrómu cauda equina a aký je postup?
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Čím sa zápalová bolesť chrbta odlišuje od mechanickej?
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.