Uveďte kategórie albuminúrie podľa KDIGO (ACR).
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
🫀 Interná medicína · 46
| chronická obličková choroba | morbus renalis chronicus |
| glomerulová filtrácia | filtratio glomerularis |
| albuminúria | albuminuria |
| diabetická nefropatia | nephropathia diabetica |
| hypertenzná nefroskleróza | nephrosclerosis hypertonica |
| renálna anémia | anaemia renalis |
| sekundárna hyperparatyreóza | hyperparathyreosis secundaria |
abnormalities of kidney structure or function, present for a minimum of 3 months, with implications for health
Cause, GFR category (G1–G5), and Albuminuria category (A1–A3), abbreviated as CGA
people with diabetes and hypertension, the 2 most common causes of CKD worldwide
CKD may result from disease processes in any of the 3 categories, including prerenal (decreased renal perfusion pressure), intrinsic renal (pathology of the vessels, glomeruli, or tubules-interstitium), or postrenal (obstructive).
Chronic obstruction may result from prostatic disease, nephrolithiasis, or an abdominal/pelvic tumor exerting a mass effect on the ureter(s).
Modifiable CKD risk factors : These include systemic hypertension, proteinuria, and metabolic factors.
Early CKD stages are asymptomatic, and symptoms manifest in stages 4 or 5.
Nausea Vomiting Loss of appetite Fatigue and weakness Sleep disturbance Oliguria
the approach to assessment of GFR is therefore to use SCr and an estimating equation for initial assessment of GFR
Following incidental detection of elevated urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), hematuria, or low estimated GFR (eGFR), repeat tests
Proof of chronicity (duration of a minimum of 3 months) can be established by: (i) review of past measurements/estimations of GFR;
G1: GFR 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 and above with evidence of kidney disease, such as hematuria or proteinuria G2: GFR 60 to 89 mL/min/1.73 m2 G3a: GFR 45 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m2 G3b: GFR 30 to 44 mL/min/1.73 m2 G4: GFR 15 to 29 mL/min/1.73 m2 G5: GFR less than 15
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) decrease the rate of decline in GFR in patients with most causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly those with proteinuria.
We recommend avoiding any combination of ACEi, ARB, and direct renin inhibitor (DRI) therapy in people with CKD, with or without diabetes
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors delay progression of proteinuric CKD in patients with or without diabetes, although these medications are contraindicated in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Effects of CKD can include hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, metabolic acidosis, anemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and renal osteodystrophy.
Anemia of CKD is typically normocytic normochromic and results from reduced erythropoietin production due to decreased functioning renal mass, abnormal iron metabolism, and reduced red blood cell survival.
The risk of CVD increases with the severity of CKD.
Uveďte kategórie albuminúrie podľa KDIGO (ACR).
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Vymenujte kategórie GFR podľa KDIGO a ich označenie.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.