Ako sa diagnostikuje cystická fibróza?
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
🫀 Interná medicína · 48
| cystická fibróza (mukoviscidóza) | fibrosis cystica (mucoviscidosis) |
| potná skúška | |
| mekóniový ileus | ileus meconialis |
| exokrinná insuficiencia pankreasu | insufficientia pancreatis exocrina |
| deficit alfa-1 antitrypsínu | |
| emfyzém pľúc | emphysema pulmonum |
| bronchiektázie | bronchiectasiae |
| panikulitída | panniculitis |
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease of the exocrine glands affecting primarily the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems.
Cystic fibrosis is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a genetic mutation in a gene on chromosome 7 that codes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein.
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is congenital lack of a primary lung antiprotease, alpha-1 antitrypsin, which leads to increased protease-mediated tissue destruction and emphysema in adults.
Hepatic accumulation of abnormal alpha-1 antitrypsin can cause liver disease in both children and adults.
Disease manifests only in people who are homozygous (ie, biallelic pathogenic variants).
The most common gene variant, F508del
The gene that encodes AAT is SERPINA1 , located on the long arm of chromosome 14.
AAT deficiency is inherited through autosomal codominant transmission
More than 95% of people with severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and emphysema are homozygous for the Z allele (PI*ZZ).
Early in the course, Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen, but as the disease progresses, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , including multidrug-resistant strains, is frequently isolated.
Patients with pancreatic insufficiency have malabsorption of fats, fat-soluble vitamins, and protein which leads to steatorrhea, malnutrition, and growth faltering in children.
Meconium ileus due to obstruction of the ileum by viscid meconium may be the earliest sign and is present in approximately 20% of CF-affected neonates
Adults with emphysema typically present with symptoms and signs of COPD , including progressive dyspnea, productive cough, wheezing, and prolonged expiration.
Diagnosis is by sweat test or identification of 2 cystic fibrosis–causing gene variants in patients with a positive newborn screening test result or characteristic clinical features.
Intermediate: 30 to 59 mEq/L (30 to 59 mmol/L) (CF is possible.) Abnormal: ≥ 60 mEq/L ( ≥ 60 mmol/L) (This result is consistent with CF.)
Screening is based on detecting an elevated concentration of immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) in the blood.
People who smoke who develop emphysema before age 50 years People who do not smoke and have no occupational exposures who develop emphysema at any age Patients whose chest radiograph shows predominately lower lung emphysema
The triple combination of elexacaftor , tezacaftor , and ivacaftor can be given to patients 2 years of age and older who carry at least 1 copy of the F508del variant or 1 copy of certain rare variants
Long-term daily inhalation therapy with dornase alfa (recombinant human deoxyribonuclease) or with 7% hypertonic saline is recommended
Pancreatic enzyme replacement should be given with all meals and snacks to patients with pancreatic insufficiency.
Intravenous augmentation, which involves the infusion of pooled plasma-purified human alpha-1 antitrypsin (an alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor), is the only licensed disease-specific therapy for AAT deficiency associated with lung disease.
Pulmonary complications include pneumothorax , nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, hemoptysis , allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), and cor pulmonale
Infertility occurs in approximately 98% of adult males secondary to maldevelopment or congenital absence of the vas deferens or to other forms of obstructive azoospermia
impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus is present in approximately 20% of adolescents and up to 50% of adults
> 2000 less common CFTR variants have been identified
Ako sa diagnostikuje cystická fibróza?
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Vymenujte hlavné zložky liečby cystickej fibrózy.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Kedy myslíte na deficit alfa-1 antitrypsínu a ako ho potvrdíte?
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.