Charakterizujte nefritický a nefrotický syndróm.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
🫀 Interná medicína · 52
| glomerulonefritída | glomerulonephritis |
| nefritický syndróm | |
| nefrotický syndróm | |
| rýchlo progredujúca glomerulonefritída | glomerulonephritis rapide progrediens |
| postinfekčná (poststreptokoková) glomerulonefritída | |
| IgA nefropatia (Bergerova choroba) | |
| Goodpastureov syndróm | |
| erytrocytové valce | |
| polmesiačiky (glomerulové) | |
| biopsia obličky |
Nephritic syndrome is a manifestation of glomerular inflammation (glomerulonephritis)
Nephritic syndrome is defined by hematuria, variable degrees of proteinuria, usually dysmorphic red blood cells (RBCs), and often RBC casts on microscopic examination of urinary sediment.
Several glomerular disorders typically manifest with features of both nephritic and nephrotic syndromes. These disorders include, but are not limited to, fibrillary and immunotactoid glomerulopathies, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (GN), and lupus nephritis.
The syndrome can be: Acute (serum creatinine rises over many weeks or less) Chronic (kidney disease may progress over years) Nephritic syndrome can also be: Primary (idiopathic) Secondary
Postinfectious glomerulonephritis is the prototype of acute glomerulonephritis, but the condition may be caused by other glomerulopathies and by systemic disorders such as systemic rheumatic diseases and hematologic dyscrasias
Most cases are caused by nephritogenic strains of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, most notably type 12 (which causes pharyngitis) and type 49 (which causes impetigo).
IgA nephropathy is a nephritic syndrome, a form of chronic glomerulonephritis characterized by the deposition of IgA immune complexes in glomeruli. It is the most common form of glomerulonephritis worldwide
Often ≥ 1 of the following elements are present: edema, hypertension, elevated serum creatinine, and oliguria.
A latency period of 6 to 21 days between infection and glomerulonephritis onset is typical, but latency may extend up to 6 weeks.
Gross hematuria usually begins 1 or 2 days after a febrile mucosal (upper respiratory, sinus, enteral) illness
The term Goodpasture syndrome refers to a combination of glomerulonephritis and alveolar hemorrhage in the presence of anti-GBM antibodies.
Proteinuria should be quantified and followed sequentially. Hematuria should be assessed microscopically for acanthocytes and red blood cell casts in all forms of glomerular disease.
The kidney biopsy is the “gold standard” for the diagnostic evaluation of glomerular diseases to facilitate the initiation or modification of treatment and/or to provide prognostic information. Under some circumstances, treatment may proceed without a kidney biopsy.
Streptococcal PIGN is suggested by history of pharyngitis or impetigo plus either typical symptoms of PIGN or incidental findings on urinalysis. Demonstration of hypocomplementemia is essentially confirmatory.
Serologic testing should include anti-GBM antibodies (anti-GBM antibody disease); antistreptolysin O antibodies, anti-DNA antibodies, or cryoglobulins (immune complex RPGN); and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) titers (pauci-immune RPGN).
Dietary sodium restriction and loop diuretics should be first-line therapy.
Use ACEi or ARBs titrated to maximal tolerability to reduce proteinuria and control hypertension, while monitoring frequently for safety.
Treatment is supportive and may include restriction of dietary protein, sodium, and fluid and, in more severe cases, treatment of edema and hypertension.
if anti-GBM disease is suspected, treatment should be started without delay, even if diagnosis has not been confirmed
if left untreated, RPGN progresses to kidney failure over weeks to months
In 10% of adults and 1% of children, postinfectious glomerulonephritis evolves into rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is deposition of IgA immune complexes in glomeruli, manifesting as slowly progressive hematuria, proteinuria, and, often, chronic kidney disease.
Charakterizujte nefritický a nefrotický syndróm.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Ako sa klasifikuje rýchlo progredujúca glomerulonefritída (RPGN) podľa imunofluorescencie a sérológie?
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Uveďte hlavné všeobecné princípy podpornej liečby glomerulových chorôb podľa KDIGO 2021.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.