Aké parametre obsahuje skóre CURB65 a ako sa podľa neho stratifikuje riziko úmrtia (NICE)?
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
🫀 Interná medicína · 54
| bežné prechladnutie (akútna nazofaryngitída) | rhinopharyngitis acuta |
| faryngitída / tonzilitída | pharyngitis / tonsillitis |
| akútna sinusitída | sinusitis acuta |
| akútna bronchitída | bronchitis acuta |
| komunitná pneumónia | pneumonia |
| rinovírus | |
| pneumokok | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| skóre CURB65 | |
| peritonzilárny absces | abscessus peritonsillaris |
| atypické baktérie |
URTIs are typically self-limited and mild to moderate in severity. The most common manifestation of URTIs is the common cold.
Acute bronchitis is inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree, commonly following an upper respiratory infection in the absence of chronic lung disorders.
Community-acquired pneumonia is defined as pneumonia that is acquired outside the hospital.
Approximately 50% of all colds are caused by one of the > 160 types of rhinoviruses
Other, less frequent causes of the common cold include coronaviruses, which can cause some outbreaks.
The cause is almost always a viral infection.
Bacteria, such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis, and Chlamydia pneumoniae, cause less than 5% of cases
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia worldwide (albeit declining in the United States [3]), followed by Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram-negative organisms
The atypical bacterial pathogens Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila account for 3 to11% of cases of community-acquired pneumonia
After an incubation period of 24 to 72 hours, cold symptoms begin with a scratchy or sore throat, followed by sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and malaise
Mucopurulent secretions do not indicate a bacterial superinfection.
On resolution, cough is the last symptom to subside and often takes 2 to 3 weeks but rarely can take even longer to do so.
Symptoms and signs are fever, cough, sputum production, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, tachypnea, and tachycardia.
The diagnosis of the common cold is primarily clinical and presumptive (ie, specific infections may be suspected based on patient presentation, season of occurrence, knowledge of local epidemiology patterns). Allergic rhinitis is the most important differential diagnosis.
Use FeverPAIN or Centor criteria to identify people who are more likely to benefit from an antibiotic
If a clinical diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia has been made in hospital, determine whether adults are at low, intermediate or high risk of death using the CURB65 scoring system (see box 2). [2014] 1.2.8 Use clinical judgement together with the CURB65 score
Put in place processes to allow diagnosis (including chest X-ray) of community-acquired pneumonia in adults within 4 hours of presentation to hospital.
The treatment of common colds is supportive. Antipyretics and analgesics may relieve fever and sore throat.
People who are unlikely to benefit from an antibiotic (FeverPAIN score of 0 or 1, or Centor score of 0, 1 or 2): 1.1.6 Do not offer an antibiotic prescription.
People who are systemically very unwell, have symptoms and signs of a more serious illness or condition, or are at high-risk of complications 1.1.12 Offer an immediate antibiotic prescription
People presenting with symptoms for around 10 days or less 1.1.1 Do not offer an antibiotic prescription.
People presenting at any time who are systemically very unwell, have symptoms and signs of a more serious illness or condition, or are at high risk of complications 1.1.8 Offer an immediate antibiotic prescription
Start antibiotic treatment as soon as possible after establishing a diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia, and within 4 hours of presentation to hospital.
Colds may exacerbate asthma and chronic bronchitis. Purulent sputum is unusual with rhinovirus infection. Purulent sinusitis and otitis media may result from either the viral infection itself or from secondary bacterial infection.
severe suppurative complications (such as quinsy [peri-tonsillar abscess] or cellulitis, parapharyngeal abscess or retropharyngeal abscess or Lemierre syndrome)
intraorbital or periorbital complications, including periorbital oedema or cellulitis, a displaced eyeball, double vision, ophthalmoplegia, or newly reduced visual acuity intracranial complications
S. pneumoniae and S. aureus (including MRSA) can also cause necrotizing pneumonia.
Aké parametre obsahuje skóre CURB65 a ako sa podľa neho stratifikuje riziko úmrtia (NICE)?
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Kedy sa má podľa NICE NG250 ukončiť antibiotická liečba komunitnej pneumónie u dospelých?
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Pri akých komplikáciách akútnej bolesti hrdla a akútnej sinusitídy odporúča NICE odoslanie do nemocnice?
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.