Vymenujte hlavné typy karcinómu z renálnych buniek a napr. dva benígne nádory obličky.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
🫀 Interná medicína · 64
| karcinóm z renálnych buniek | carcinoma renocellulare |
| svetlobunkový karcinóm obličky | |
| angiomyolipóm | angiomyolipoma |
| onkocytóm | oncocytoma |
| parciálna nefrektómia | nephrectomia partialis |
| radikálna nefrektómia | nephrectomia radicalis |
| paraneoplastický syndróm | |
| tuberózna skleróza | sclerosis tuberosa |
| Von Hippelova-Lindauova choroba | |
| Bosniakova klasifikácia |
The most common renal tumours are three malignant types of RCC (clear cell, papillary and chromophobe) and two benign renal tumours (oncocytoma and angiomyolipoma).
Approximately 15% of excised renal masses are benign
Several verified risk factors have been identified, including smoking, obesity and hypertension.
Overall, ccRCC, representing approximately 70% of RCC [38], is well circumscribed with a pseudocapsule. The cut surface is golden-yellow, often with haemorrhage and necrosis. Loss of chromosome 3p and mutation of the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene at chromosome 3p25 are frequently found.
VHL syndrome (autosomal dominant; estimated prevalence: 1-9 / 100,000) VHL (3p25.3)
Classical angiomyolipoma (AML)/perivascular epithelioid cell tumours (PEComas) of the kidney is a benign mesenchymal tumour, which can occur sporadically or as part of tuberous sclerosis complex
The majority of RCCs are detected incidentally by means of non-invasive imaging investigating various non-specific symptoms and other abdominal diseases
The classic triad of flank pain, visible haematuria and palpable abdominal mass is rare (0.6%)
RCC is frequently associated with paraneoplastic syndromes, which include hypercalcemia, erythrocytosis, and non-metastatic hepatic dysfunction (Stauffer syndrome), etc.
However, the following findings should prompt radiological examinations: palpable abdominal mass; palpable cervical lymphadenopathy; non-reducing varicocele and bilateral lower extremity oedema, which suggests venous involvement.
Use multiphasic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of abdomen and chest for the diagnosis and staging of renal tumours.
With solid renal masses, the most important criterion for differentiating malignant lesions is the presence of enhancement
This system classifies renal cysts into five categories, based on CT imaging appearance, to predict malignancy risk
Manage Bosniak type III cysts the same as localised RCC, or offer active surveillance (AS). Weak Manage Bosniak type IV cysts the same as localised RCC.
Offer surgery to achieve cure in localised RCC. Strong Offer partial nephrectomy (PN) to patients with T1 tumours.
Offer laparoscopic or robotic radical nephrectomy (RN) to patients with T2 tumours and localised masses not treatable by partial nephrectomy (PN).
Offer watchful waiting to highly frail and comorbid patients with reduced life expectancy. Weak Offer active surveillance (AS) to cT1a patients with no indication for immediate treatment and where delayed intervention may be appropriate.
Offer nivolumab plus ipilimumab, pembrolizumab plus axitinib, lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab or nivolumab and cabozantinib to patients with International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) intermediate- or poor-risk disease.
The main complication of AMLs is spontaneous bleeding in the retroperitoneum or into the collecting system, which can be life threatening.
Varicocele may develop due to tumor invasion and growth into the renal vein and inferior vena cava that may block the testicular vein.
Bone metastasis is often osteolytic and causes pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, and hypercalcemia.
30-40% ccRCC Retinal/CNS haemangioblastomas Pancreatic cysts and neuroendocrine tumours Endolymphatic sac tumour Pheochromocytoma
Vymenujte hlavné typy karcinómu z renálnych buniek a napr. dva benígne nádory obličky.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Vymenujte napr. paraneoplastické prejavy karcinómu obličky.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Aké sú napr. možnosti manažmentu lokalizovaného RCC podľa EAU?
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.