Vymenujte príčiny sekundárneho (získaného) deficitu arginínvazopresínu (AVP-D).
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
🫀 Interná medicína · 69
| neurohypofýza | neurohypophysis |
| vazopresín (antidiuretický hormón) | vasopressinum |
| deficit arginínvazopresínu (centrálny diabetes insipidus) | diabetes insipidus centralis |
| rezistencia na arginínvazopresín (nefrogénny diabetes insipidus) | diabetes insipidus renalis |
| syndróm neprimeranej sekrécie ADH (SIADH) | |
| polyúria | polyuria |
| polydipsia | polydipsia |
| test s odňatím tekutín | |
| desmopresín | desmopressinum |
| hyponatrémia | hyponatraemia |
| osmotický demyelinizačný syndróm |
Arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus) results from a deficiency of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone [ADH]) due to a hypothalamic-pituitary disorder.
The syndrome of inappropriate ADH ( vasopressin ) secretion is attributed to excessive vasopressin release.
proposed to change the name of this disorder from central DI to arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D), and nephrogenic DI to arginine vasopressin resistance (AVP-R).
caused by various lesions, including hypophysectomy, cranial injuries (particularly basal skull fractures), suprasellar and intrasellar tumors (primary or metastatic), Langerhans cell histiocytosis , lymphocytic hypophysitis
The most common causes of AVP-R are hereditary nephrogenic DI in children; while in adults, chronic lithium ingestion, and hypercalcemia predominate.
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most common tumor leading to ectopic ADH production.
Enormous quantities of fluid may be ingested, and large volumes (3 to 30 L/day) of very dilute urine (specific gravity usually < 1.005 and osmolality < 200 mOsm/kg [200 mmol/kg]) are excreted.
Nocturia almost always occurs. Dehydration and hypovolemia may develop rapidly if urinary losses are not continuously replaced.
Unlike patients with arginine vasopressin deficiency and arginine vasopressin resistance, patients with primary polydipsia usually do not have nocturia, nor does their thirst wake them at night.
Clinical manifestations are primarily neurologic (due to an osmotic shift of water into brain cells causing edema), especially in acute hyponatremia, and include headache, confusion, and stupor; seizures and coma may occur.
The water deprivation test is the simplest and most reliable method for diagnosing arginine vasopressin deficiency but should be done only while the patient is under constant supervision.
Patients with arginine vasopressin deficiency are generally unable to concentrate urine to greater than the plasma osmolality but are able to increase their urine osmolality by > 50 to > 100% after exogenous vasopressin administration.
It is defined as less-than-maximally-dilute urine in the presence of plasma hypo-osmolality (hyponatremia) without volume depletion or overload, emotional stress, pain, diuretics, or other medications that stimulate vasopressin secretion
Clinicians must rule out hypothyroidism and adrenal insufficiency before labeling the patient with SIADH.
Desmopressin is the aqueous preparation of choice for both adults and children.
Overdosage can lead to fluid retention and decreased plasma osmolality, possibly resulting in seizures in small children.
Treatment consists of ensuring adequate free water intake; providing a low-salt, low-protein diet to reduce solute load; and correcting the cause or stopping any likely nephrotoxin.
Patients presenting with severe symptoms such as seizures, confusion, or delirium need urgent initial correction with hypertonic saline infusion for the first few hours rather than just water restriction.
too-rapid correction of hyponatremia can cause neurologic complications, such as osmotic demyelination syndrome
severe hyponatremia can occur if primary polydipsia is misdiagnosed as AVP-D and desmopressin treatment is initiated.
Moderate to severe hypernatremia develops when these thirst centers are impaired or cannot be expressed. This leads to 'adipsic DI.'
In the absence of appropriate management, permanent renal damage can result.
Hypertonic saline (3% saline, 1027 mOsm/L) infusion coupled with plasma copeptin measurement is an alternative test that is now being recommended by many experts in the field of DI as the preferred test to be used in place of the water deprivation test.
Vymenujte príčiny sekundárneho (získaného) deficitu arginínvazopresínu (AVP-D).
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Aké sú diagnostické znaky SIADH?
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Ako sa lieči deficit a rezistencia na arginínvazopresín (AVP-D, AVP-R)?
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.