Vymenujte úvodné testy na potvrdenie Cushingovho syndrómu podľa Endocrine Society.
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🫀 Interná medicína · 76
| Cushingov syndróm | syndroma Cushingi |
| Cushingova choroba | morbus Cushingi |
| hyperkortizolizmus | hypercorticismus |
| mesiačikovitá tvár | facies lunata |
| strie | striae distensae |
| ektopický ACTH syndróm | |
| dexametazónový supresný test | |
| voľný kortizol v moči | |
| transsfenoidálna adenomektómia | |
| bilaterálna adrenalektómia | |
| Nelsonov syndróm |
Cushing syndrome is a constellation of clinical manifestations caused by chronic high blood levels of cortisol or related glucocorticoids. Cushing disease is Cushing syndrome that results from excess pituitary production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secondary to a pituitary tumor.
ACTH-dependent hyperfunction may result from: Hypersecretion of ACTH by the pituitary gland (Cushing disease) Secretion of ACTH by a nonpituitary tumor, such as small cell carcinoma of the lung or a neuroendocrine tumor (ectopic ACTH syndrome) Administration of exogenous ACTH
ACTH-independent hyperfunction usually results from: Therapeutic administration of glucocorticoids Adrenal adenomas or carcinomas
Patients with Cushing disease almost always have a small tumor of the pituitary gland
Facial rounding (called moon face) with a plethoric appearance Truncal obesity with prominent supraclavicular and dorsal cervical fat pads (buffalo hump) Striae (stretch marks) Usually, very slender distal extremities and fingers
Features that best discriminate Cushing's syndrome; most do not have a high sensitivity Easy bruising Facial plethora Proximal myopathy (or proximal muscle weakness) Striae (especially if reddish purple and > 1 cm wide)
Hypertension, renal calculi, osteoporosis, glucose intolerance, reduced resistance to infection, and mental disturbances are common. Cessation of linear growth is characteristic in children.
Females usually have menstrual irregularities. In females with adrenal tumors, increased production of androgens may lead to hirsutism, temporal balding, and other signs of virilism.
We recommend obtaining a thorough drug history to exclude excessive exogenous glucocorticoid exposure leading to iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome before conducting biochemical testing
After excluding exogenous glucocorticoid use, we recommend testing for Cushing's syndrome in patients with multiple and progressive features compatible with the syndrome, particularly those with a high discriminatory value, and patients with adrenal incidentaloma.
We recommend initial use of one test with high diagnostic accuracy (urine cortisol, late night salivary cortisol, 1 mg overnight or 2 mg 48-h dexamethasone suppression test).
ACTH levels are measured to determine the cause of Cushing syndrome. Undetectable levels suggest a primary adrenal cause. High levels suggest a pituitary cause or an ectopic source.
Cushing disease N or ↑ ↑ ↑ NS S ↑ N or ↑ Ectopic ACTH N or ↑ ↑ ↑ NS NS Flat or ↑ (rarely) ↑ or ↑↑ Adrenal tumor N or ↑ ↑ ↑ NS NS Flat ↓
We recommend initial resection of primary lesion(s) underlying Cushing's disease (CD), ectopic and adrenal (cancer, adenoma, and bilateral disease) etiologies, unless surgery is not possible or is unlikely to significantly reduce glucocorticoid excess
We recommend transsphenoidal selective adenomectomy (TSS) by an experienced pituitary surgeon as the optimal treatment for CD in pediatric and adult patients.
In patients with ACTH-dependent CS who underwent a noncurative surgery or for whom surgery was not possible, we suggest a shared decision-making approach because there are several available second-line therapies (eg, repeat transsphenoidal surgery, radiotherapy, medical therapy,
We recommend that hypocortisolemic patients receive glucocorticoid replacement and education about adrenal insufficiency after surgical remission.
We suggest evaluating CS patients for risk factors of venous thrombosis. (2|⊕⊕○○) 2.5 In patients with CS undergoing surgery, we suggest perioperative prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism.
We recommend that all patients receive monitoring and adjunctive treatment for cortisol-dependent comorbidities (psychiatric disorders, diabetes, hypertension, hypokalemia, infections, dyslipidemia, osteoporosis, and poor physical fitness).
Corticotroph tumor progression after BLA is a long-term concern in 25–40% of patients after 5 to 10 years.
After bilateral adrenalectomy for CD, 21% of adults developed Nelson's syndrome (65), whereas corticotroph tumor progression without all of the features described by Nelson was observed on MRI in 50% of cases (93).
Vymenujte úvodné testy na potvrdenie Cushingovho syndrómu podľa Endocrine Society.
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Aké sú príčiny ACTH-dependentného a ACTH-independentného Cushingovho syndrómu?
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Aké sú možnosti liečby pri ACTH-dependentnom Cushingovom syndróme, ak operácia nebola kuratívna alebo nie je možná?
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