Uveďte príklady chorôb s orgánovošpecifickou autoimunitou a cieľový orgán/tkanivo.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
🫀 Interná medicína · 77
| autoimunita | autoimmunitas |
| autoprotilátky | |
| Hashimotova tyreoiditída | thyreoiditis Hashimoto |
| Addisonova choroba | morbus Addisoni |
| diabetes mellitus 1. typu | diabetes mellitus typus 1 |
| perniciózna anémia | anaemia perniciosa |
| celiakia | morbus coeliacus |
| vnútorný faktor | |
| protilátky proti tyreoperoxidáze | |
| autoimunitný polyglandulárny syndróm | |
| subakútna kombinovaná degenerácia miechy |
Disorders such as type 1A diabetes, Grave's disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Addison's disease, and many others result from autoimmune mediated tissue destruction.
Each of these disorders can be divided into stages beginning with genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, active autoimmunity, and finally metabolic derangements with overt symptoms of disease.
Genetic factors include the AIRE gene mutation, which is causative of type 1, and certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) subtypes, which are important in the development of types 2 and 3. Environmental triggers include viral infections, dietary factors, and other as yet unknown exposures.
and leads to inflammation, lymphocytic infiltration, and partial or complete gland destruction. More rarely, stimulatory antibodies can cause hyperfunction of the gland, specifically for hyperthyroidism
The following autoimmune diseases are listed in the order of their frequency: auto-immune thyroid diseases (AITD, 15%-30%), autoimmune type A gastritis (15%), pernicious anemia (10%), celiac disease (4%-9%)
Hashimoto thyroiditis is chronic autoimmune inflammation of the thyroid with lymphocytic infiltration. Findings include painless thyroid enlargement and symptoms of hypothyroidism.
It causes various symptoms, including hypotension and hyperpigmentation, and can lead to adrenal crisis with cardiovascular collapse.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease that involves destruction of the insulin -secreting pancreatic beta cells, leading to impaired insulin secretion, hyperglycemia
pernicious anemia specifically refers to anemia resulting from vitamin B12 deficiency caused by an autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis with loss of intrinsic factor.
Early in the disease, T4 and TSH levels are normal and there are high levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies and, less commonly, of antithyroglobulin antibodies
Diagnosis is clinical and is based on elevated plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) with low plasma cortisol
measuring organ-specific autoantibodies directed against pancreatic islet cells, insulin, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and tyrosine phosphatase, which are positive in 95% of the cases at T1D onset.
All diagnostic serologic testing should be performed with patients following a gluten-containing diet. Serum IgA levels should be measured concurrently with tTG testing because IgA deficiency can lead to false-negative results.
Occasionally, hypothyroidism is transient, but most patients require lifelong thyroid hormone replacement, typically levothyroxine 75 to 150 mcg orally once a day.
Treatment of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency Hydrocortisone or prednisolone Fludrocortisone Dose increase during intercurrent illness
Patients with type 1 diabetes require insulin
Treatment of celiac disease is a gluten-free diet (avoiding foods containing wheat, rye, or barley).
It typically manifests with the following: Adrenal insufficiency Hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism Type 1 diabetes mellitus (autoimmune etiology)
Adrenal crisis (onset of severe symptoms) may be precipitated by acute infection.
Subacute combined degeneration refers to degenerative changes in the nervous system due to vitamin B12 deficiency; they affect mostly brain and spinal cord white matter.
Patients with classic pernicious anemia, most commonly younger adults, are at increased risk of stomach and other gastrointestinal cancers.
Uveďte príklady chorôb s orgánovošpecifickou autoimunitou a cieľový orgán/tkanivo.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Vymenujte typy autoimunitného polyglandulárneho syndrómu a ich hlavné zložky.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Aké sú zásady sérologickej diagnostiky celiakie?
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.