Vymenujte indikácie hemodialýzy.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
🫀 Interná medicína · 89
| hemodialýza | haemodialysis |
| hemofiltrácia | haemofiltratio |
| hemodiafiltrácia | |
| peritoneálna dialýza | dialysis peritonealis |
| hemoperfúzia | haemoperfusio |
| arteriovenózna fistula | fistula arteriovenosa |
| difúzia / konvekcia | diffusio / convectio |
| akútne poškodenie obličiek | |
| albumínová dialýza (MARS) | |
| peritonitída | peritonitis |
Kidney replacement therapy (KRT) replaces nonendocrine kidney function in patients with kidney failure and is occasionally used for some forms of poisoning.
Passive diffusion removes small-molecule metabolic waste (eg, urea , creatinine), replaces depleted substances (eg, bicarbonate), and balances electrolyte concentrations.
During filtration , serum water passes between compartments down a hydrostatic pressure gradient, dragging solute with it (convective transport). Convective transport removes excess fluid and some larger-molecule solutes. Dialysis and filtration are often used in combination (hemodiafiltration).
Hemoperfusion is a rarely used technique that removes toxins by flowing blood over a bed of adsorbent material (usually a resin compound or charcoal )
Peritoneal dialysis uses the peritoneum as a natural permeable membrane through which water and solutes can equilibrate. Compared to hemodialysis , peritoneal dialysis: Is less physiologically stressful Does not require vascular access Can be done at home
Kidney disease or failure (acute or chronic) with any of the following that cannot otherwise be controlled: Fluid overload (including refractory heart failure) Hyperkalemia Hypercalcemia Metabolic acidosis Pericarditis Uremic symptoms (neurological)
Continuous therapy is used almost exclusively for acute kidney injury . Continuous therapy is sometimes better tolerated than intermittent therapy in patients whose condition is unstable because solute and water are removed more slowly.
Common toxins that may require dialysis or hemoperfusion include: Ethylene glycol Lithium Methanol Salicylates Theophylline
These therapies are less useful if the poison is a large or charged (polar) molecule, has a large volume of distribution (ie, if it is stored in fatty tissue), or is extensively bound to tissue protein (as with digoxin , phencyclidine , phenothiazines , or tricyclic antidepressants).
The choice of technique depends on multiple factors, including the primary need (eg, solute or water removal or both), underlying indication (eg, acute or chronic kidney failure, poisoning), vascular access, hemodynamic stability, availability, local expertise, and patient preference and capability
Hemodialysis is usually done through a surgically created arteriovenous fistula. Surgically created arteriovenous fistulas are better than central venous catheters because they are more durable and less likely to become infected
Absolute: Loss of peritoneal function Adhesions that limit dialysate flow Recent abdominal wounds Abdominal fistulas
most patients do well with 3 to 5 hours of hemodialysis 3 times a week
KRT does not correct the endocrine abnormalities (decreased erythropoietin and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production ) of kidney failure.
In most settings, the workgroup recommends using intermittent hemodialysis over other ECTRs. If intermittent hemodialysis is not available, CKRT is recommended over other types of ECTR.
liver-assist devices have undergone evaluation in clinical trials to support patients with ALF by performing detoxification and partial synthetic function replacement. Trials involving the molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) have demonstrated no improvement in overall survival.
The most common complication of dialysis is: Hypotension Hypotension occurs in 4 to 17% of treatments
Complications of vascular access include: Infection Stenosis Thrombosis (often in a stenotic passage) Aneurysm or pseudoaneurysm
The most important and common complications of peritoneal dialysis (see table Complications of Kidney Replacement Therapy ) are ( 1 ): Peritonitis Catheter tunnel exit-site infection
Peritonitis symptoms and signs include abdominal pain, cloudy peritoneal fluid, fever, nausea, and tenderness to palpation.
Vymenujte indikácie hemodialýzy.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Porovnajte hemodialýzu a peritoneálnu dialýzu (princíp, prístup, hlavné komplikácie).
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.
Aké vlastnosti toxínu podmieňujú účinnosť mimotelovej eliminácie? Uveďte príklady dobre a zle eliminovateľných látok.
Najprv si odpoveď povedz nahlas alebo v duchu – až potom ju odkry.